Due to silica aerogel’s insulating
properties, it can be a potential substitute for conventional insulation
materials, which include fiberglass (needs careful handling), cellulose (hard
to apply), mineral wool (not fire-resistant), and polyurethane (not
eco-friendly). In contrast, silica aerogel is recyclable, easy to apply,
eco-friendly, and fire-resistant. All these characteristics make it a much
better option than all the materials mentioned above. The main aim of enhanced
thermal insulation is to reduce the primary energy consumption. Since silica aerogel
has low thermal conductivity, of 0.015 watts per meter kelvin, it is a viable
option for construction, which is one of its many applications. In addition,
this material can also be used to make windows and skylights due to its visible
transparency, providing architects with the possibility of reinventing
architectural solutions.
As per the research conducted by P&S
Intelligence, the global silica aerogel market attained a value of
$273.0 million in 2015 and is expected to grow with a CAGR of 31.1% in the
coming years. Silica aerogel is a lightweight solid material manufactured by
the means of the sol-gel chemistry. It is derived from a gel; however, the
liquid component of the gel is replaced by a gas. Aerogels contain 95.0% to 99.0%
air by volume, which makes them one of the world’s lightest solid materials. Excellent
heat insulation properties, low density, high porosity, and low dielectric
constant are some characteristics which make this material versatile enough to
be used in several applications, such as oil & gas, aerospace &
defense, industrial insulation, transportation, and building insulation.
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The transportation industry uses silica aerogel to insulate commercial and personal vehicles, such as railroad passenger cars, mass transit cars, and trucks, as the insulation assists in reducing the noise and heat in these vehicles. Other features which make aerogel insulation suitable for the automotive industry include its resistance to moisture and superior resistance flame spread and smoke emission. Silica aerogel is also suitable for applications in the aerospace industry as it is the lightest insulation material available with high thermal conductivity. It was used to insulate the NASA MARS rover, where it successfully prevented the escape of the heat to outside the rover body walls. The rover spacecraft consisted of a silica aerogel-insulated warm electronics box, a battery thermal switch heat rejection system, and radioisotope heating units (RHU). Other than this, the Stardust spacecraft also made use of silica aerogel to encapsulate the cosmic particles from the comet tail. “Cosmic bullets” were trapped through the use of this material as the spacecraft flew through a comet’s tail in January 2004.
The eco-friendliness of silica aerogel is
another major aspect which is resulting in its increased demand. Silica aerogel
materials are quite similar to naturally occurring minerals, as environment-friendly
raw materials are used for their manufacturing, and they don’t emit or possess any
harmful chemicals. Furthermore, it is a reusable solid and can be disposed of
safely. For instance, silica aerogels blankets that are used to insulate
buildings can later be recycled and processed as composites and additives for
other applications such as coatings and plasters. Due to these advantages of
silica aerogel over other conventional insulating materials, its requirement is
growing.
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